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EP24246
Poster Title: Herbicide micropollutants in surface, ground and drinking waters within and near the area of Zagreb, Croatia
Submitted on 18 Jul 2016
Author(s): G. Mendaš, S. Fingler, M. Dvoršćak, S. Stipičević, Ž. Vasilić, V. Drevenkar
Affiliations: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
This poster was presented at 15st EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment , Leipzig, Germany
Poster Views: 1,527
Submitted on 18 Jul 2016
Author(s): G. Mendaš, S. Fingler, M. Dvoršćak, S. Stipičević, Ž. Vasilić, V. Drevenkar
Affiliations: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
This poster was presented at 15st EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment , Leipzig, Germany
Poster Views: 1,527
Abstract: The frequency and mass concentrations of 13 herbicide micropollutants were investigated in the surface, ground and drinking waters in the area of the city of Zagreb and its suburbs as possible consequences of recent or current herbicide application in the surrounding agricultural and non-agricultural land. The water samples were collected monthly from January to December 2014 at over forty locations and analysed for triazines atrazine, terbuthylazine, and their dealkylated degradation products, phenilureas diuron, linuron, chlortoluron, and isoproturon, chloroacetanilides acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor, and dinitroaniline herbicide trifluralin.
We analysed a total of 84 surface (river, lake, stream), 180 ground (from privately owned wells), and 252 drinking water (tap water from municipal water supplies) samples. Herbicide compounds were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction using either octadecylsilica (C18) or styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB-1) sorbent cartridges and analysed either by high performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detector or gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.
Atrazine, which has been banned in Croatia since 2007, was nevertheless the most frequently detected herbicide in drinking (84 % of samples) and ground (62 % of samples) waters in concentrations of
5 to 66 ng L-1. It was followed by terbuthylazine detected in 45 % and 31 % of drinking and ground water samples, respectively, in concentrations of 4 to 20 ng L-1. Acetochlor was the third most abundant herbicide in drinking waters, detected in 32 % of samples. Its concentrations of 107 to 117 ng L-1 in three tap water samples were the highest of all herbicides measured in the drinking waters.
The most frequently (59 % of samples) and highly (up to 887 ng L-1) detected herbicide in surface waters was metolachlor, followed by terbuthylazine detected in 49 % of samples in concentrations up to 690 ng L-1, and atrazine detected in 30 % of samples in concentrations up to 18 ng L-1. The seasonal variations in herbicide concentrations in surface waters were observed for terbuthylazine, metolachlor, acetochlor and isoproturon with the highest concentrations measured from April to August.
Our results clearly indicate an influence of agricultural activities in the surrounding areas on the purity of ground, surface and drinking waters in the city of Zagreb and its suburbs. The appearance of herbicides in drinking water reflects the contamination of ground waters that serve as drinking water supplies. In comparison with our study performed for the period from 1992 to 2001 (DREVENKAR et al. 2004), a significant decrease of atrazine concentrations was observed in all types of investigated waters. However, while the atrazine incidence in surface and ground waters was also significantly lowered, its incidence in drinking waters remained almost the same as in the 1992-2001 period.
Summary: The frequency and mass concentrations of 13 herbicide micropollutants were investigated in the surface, ground and drinking waters in the area of the city of Zagreb and its suburbs as possible consequences of recent or current herbicide application in the surrounding agricultural and non-agricultural land. References: S. Fingler, G. Mendaš, M. Dvoršćak, S. Stipičević, Ž. Vasilić, V. Drevenkar (2016) Herbicide micropollutants in surface, ground and drinking waters within and near the area of Zagreb, Croatia Environ Sci Pollut Res Doi 101.1007/s11356-016
Drevenkar V., Fingler S., Mendaš G., Stipičević S., Vasilić Ž., (2004) Levels of atrazine and simazine in waters in the rural and urban areas of north-west Croatia. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 84:207-216.
Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy (OJ L 226, 24.8.2013, p. 1).
We analysed a total of 84 surface (river, lake, stream), 180 ground (from privately owned wells), and 252 drinking water (tap water from municipal water supplies) samples. Herbicide compounds were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction using either octadecylsilica (C18) or styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB-1) sorbent cartridges and analysed either by high performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detector or gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.
Atrazine, which has been banned in Croatia since 2007, was nevertheless the most frequently detected herbicide in drinking (84 % of samples) and ground (62 % of samples) waters in concentrations of
5 to 66 ng L-1. It was followed by terbuthylazine detected in 45 % and 31 % of drinking and ground water samples, respectively, in concentrations of 4 to 20 ng L-1. Acetochlor was the third most abundant herbicide in drinking waters, detected in 32 % of samples. Its concentrations of 107 to 117 ng L-1 in three tap water samples were the highest of all herbicides measured in the drinking waters.
The most frequently (59 % of samples) and highly (up to 887 ng L-1) detected herbicide in surface waters was metolachlor, followed by terbuthylazine detected in 49 % of samples in concentrations up to 690 ng L-1, and atrazine detected in 30 % of samples in concentrations up to 18 ng L-1. The seasonal variations in herbicide concentrations in surface waters were observed for terbuthylazine, metolachlor, acetochlor and isoproturon with the highest concentrations measured from April to August.
Our results clearly indicate an influence of agricultural activities in the surrounding areas on the purity of ground, surface and drinking waters in the city of Zagreb and its suburbs. The appearance of herbicides in drinking water reflects the contamination of ground waters that serve as drinking water supplies. In comparison with our study performed for the period from 1992 to 2001 (DREVENKAR et al. 2004), a significant decrease of atrazine concentrations was observed in all types of investigated waters. However, while the atrazine incidence in surface and ground waters was also significantly lowered, its incidence in drinking waters remained almost the same as in the 1992-2001 period.
Summary: The frequency and mass concentrations of 13 herbicide micropollutants were investigated in the surface, ground and drinking waters in the area of the city of Zagreb and its suburbs as possible consequences of recent or current herbicide application in the surrounding agricultural and non-agricultural land. References: S. Fingler, G. Mendaš, M. Dvoršćak, S. Stipičević, Ž. Vasilić, V. Drevenkar (2016) Herbicide micropollutants in surface, ground and drinking waters within and near the area of Zagreb, Croatia Environ Sci Pollut Res Doi 101.1007/s11356-016
Drevenkar V., Fingler S., Mendaš G., Stipičević S., Vasilić Ž., (2004) Levels of atrazine and simazine in waters in the rural and urban areas of north-west Croatia. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 84:207-216.
Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy (OJ L 226, 24.8.2013, p. 1).
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